Resources
For the most complete list of climate security resources –especially government documents– see the Center for Climate and Security’s resource hub: https://climateandsecurity.org/resources/
Project References
- Achenbach, J., & Begos, K. (2018, October 23). Hurricane Michael: Tyndall Air Force Base was in the eye of the storm, and almost every structure was damaged. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/hurricane-michael-tyndall-air-force-base-was-in-the-eye-of-the-storm-and-almost-every-structure-was-damaged/2018/10/23/26eca0b0-d6cb-11e8-aeb7-ddcad4a0a54e_story.htmlAklin, M., & Urpelainen, J. (2013). Debating clean energy: frames, counter frames, and audiences. Global Environmental Change, 23(5), 1225–1232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.03.007
Badullovich, N., Grant, W. J., & Colvin, R. M. (2020). Framing climate change for effective communication: A systematic map. Environmental Research Letters, 15(12), 123002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aba4c7
Bang, G. (2010). Energy security and climate change concerns: Triggers for energy policy change in the United States? Energy Policy, 38(4), 1645–1653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.01.045
Bolsen, T., Kingsland, J. T., & Palm, R. (2019). The impact of message source on the effectiveness of communications about climate change. Science Communication, 41(4), 464–487. http://dx.doi.org.mutex.gmu.edu/10.1177/1075547019863154
Brock, S., Bastien, A., Oliver-Leighton, B., Femia, F., Fetzek, S., Goodman, S., Loomis, D., Middendorp, T., Rademaker, M., van Schaik, L., Tasse, J., & Werrell, C. E. (2020). The world climate and security report 2020. The Center for Climate and Security. https://climateandsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2020/02/world-climate-security-report-2020_2_13.pdf
Brock, S., Bastien, A., Oliver-Leighton, B., Femia, F., Fetzek, S., Goodman, S., Loomis, D., Middendorp, T., Rademaker, M., van Schaik, L., Tasse, J., & Werrell, C. E. (2020). The World Climate and Security Report 2020. The Center for Climate and Security. https://climateandsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2020/02/world-climate-security-report-2020_2_13.pdf
Brown, G., & Sovacool, B. K. (2017). The presidential politics of climate discourse: Energy frames, policy, and political tactics from the 2016 Primaries in the United States. Energy Policy, 111, 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.09.019
Burbach, D. T. (2019). Partisan dimensions of confidence in the U.S. military, 1973–2016. Armed Forces & Society, 45(2), 211–233. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X17747205
Busby, J. W. (2008). Who cares about the weather?: climate change and U.S. national security. Security Studies, 17(3), 468–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410802319529
Campbell, K. M. (2009). Climatic cataclysm: the foreign policy and national security implications of climate change (1st ed., pp. viii–viii). Brookings Institution Press. https://doi.org/10.7864/j.ctt1262fp
Center for Climate and Security. (2018). Military Expert Panel Report: Sea Level Rise and the U.S. Military’s Mission 2nd Edition. The Center for Climate and Security. https://climateandsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/military-expert-panel-report_sea-level-rise-and-the-us-militarys-mission_2nd-edition_02_2018.pdf
Chong, D., & Druckman, J. N. (2007). Framing theory. Annual Review of Political Science, 10(1), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054
Climate and Security Advisory Group. (2018). A responsibility to prepare. Center for Climate and Security. https://climateandsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/climate-and-security-advisory-group_a-responsibility-to-prepare_2018_02.pdf
Climate and Security Advisory Group. (2019). A climate security plan for America: a presidential plan for combating the security risks of climate change. Center for Climate and Security. https://climateandsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2019/09/a-climate-security-plan-for-america_2019_9_24-1.pdf
Climate and Security Advisory Group. (2019). A Climate Security Plan for America: A Presidential Plan for Combating the Security Risks of Climate Change. Center for Climate and Security. https://climateandsecurity.files.wordpress.com/2019/09/a-climate-security-plan-for-america_2019_9_24-1.pdf
CNA, M. A. B. (2014). National security and the accelerating risks of climate change. CNA https://www.cna.org/cna_files/pdf/MAB_5-8-14.pdf
Del Valle, A. (2021, January 21). Nothing ‘plane’ about training the world’s future F-22 pilots. Tyndall Air Force Base. https://www.tyndall.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2478393/nothing-plane-about-training-the-worlds-future-f-22-pilots/
Department of Defence. (2021, October 7). Statement by secretary of defense Lloyd J. Austin III on the department of defense climate. U.S. Department of Defense. https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2803761/statement-by-secretary-of-defense-lloyd-j-austin-iii-on-the-department-of-defen/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2FNews%2FReleases%2FRelease%2FArticle%2F2803761%2Fstatement-by-secretary-of-defense-lloyd-j-austin-iii-on-the-department-of-defen%2F
Department of Defense. (2021a). Department of defense 2021 climate adaptation plan.
Department of Defense. (2021b). DOD climate risk analysis (Report Submitted to National Security Council, p. 18).
Department of the Air Force. (2022). Climate action plan. https://www.safie.hq.af.mil/Portals/78/documents/Climate/DAF%20Climate%20Action%20Plan%20-%20FINAL%20Oct%202022.pdf?ver=DlO9-iuR2jejlLhQ_5YKxw%3d%3d
Department of the Army. (2022a). Army climate strategy implementation plan FY23-FY27. https://www.army.mil/e2/downloads/rv7/about/2022_Army_Climate_Strategy_Implementation_Plan_FY23-FY27.pdf
Department of the Army. (2022b). Army climate strategy. https://www.army.mil/e2/downloads/rv7/about/2022_army_climate_strategy.pdf
Department of the Navy. (2022). Climate action 2030. https://www.navy.mil/Portals/1/Documents/Department%20of%20the%20Navy%20Climate%20Action%202030.pdf
Druckman, J. N. (2001). The implications of framing effects for citizen competence. Political Behavior, 23(3), 225–256. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015006907312
Egan, P. J. (2013). Partisan priorities: how issue ownership frives and distorts American politics. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107337138
Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
Feldman, L., Hart, P. S., & Milosevic, T. (2017). Polarizing news? Representations of threat and efficacy in leading US newspapers’ coverage of climate change. Public Understanding of Science, 26(4), 481–497. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662515595348
Gainous, J., & Merry, M. K. (2022). Climate change as a national security issue: examining framing effects across party. American Politics Research, 50(2), 199–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X211053213
Galgano, F. (2018). The environment-conflict nexus: climate change and the emergent national security landscape. Springer International Publishing AG.
Gilmore, J., & Rowling, C. M. (2019). Partisan patriotism in the American presidency: American exceptionalism, issue ownership, and the age of Trump. Mass Communication and Society, 22(3), 389–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2018.1559334
Hoffman, A. J. (2011). Talking Past Each Other? Cultural Framing of Skeptical and Convinced Logics in the Climate Change Debate. Organization & Environment, 24(1), 3–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026611404336
IPCC. (2018). An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. 630.
Jim Mattis. (2018). 2018 national defense strategy of the United States: summary. United States Department of Defense. https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2018-National-Defense-Strategy-Summary.pdf
Kelley, C. P., Mohtadi, S., Cane, M. A., Seager, R., & Kushnir, Y. (2015). Climate change in the Fertile Crescent and implications of the recent Syrian drought. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(11), 3241–3246. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421533112
King, M. D., & Gulledge, J. (2014). Climate change and energy security: an analysis of policy research. Climatic Change, 123(1), 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0895-0
Leiserowitz, A., Maibach, E., Rosenthal, S., Kotcher, J., Carman, J., Neyens, L., Goldberg, M., Lacroix, K., & Marlon, J. (2021). Politics & global warming, September 2021. Yale University and George Mason University. https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/politics-global-warming-september-2021b.pdf
Lockwood, M. (2011). Does the framing of climate policies make a difference to public support? Evidence from UK marginal constituencies. Climate Policy, 11(4), 1097–1112.
Maibach, E. W., Roser-Renouf, C., & Leiserowitz, A. (2008). Communication and Marketing As Climate Change–Intervention Assets: A Public Health Perspective. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(5), 488–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.016
Malone, E. L. (2013). Climate Change and National Security. Weather, Climate, and Society, 5(1), 93–95. https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-12-00016.1
Margulies, M., & Blankshain, J. (2022). Specific sources of trust in generals: individual-level trust in the U.S. military. Daedalus, 151(4), 254–275. https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01954
McCright, A. M., & Dunlap, R. E. (2011). The politicization of climate change and polarization in the American public’s views of global warming, 2001–2010. The Sociological Quarterly. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01198.x
Myers, T. A., Nisbet, M. C., Maibach, E. W., & Leiserowitz, A. A. (2012). A public health frame arouses hopeful emotions about climate change. Climatic Change, 113(3–4), 1105–1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0513-6
Nisbet, M. C. (2009). Communicating climate change: why frames matter for public engagement. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 51(2), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.3200/ENVT.51.2.12-23
Office of the Director of National Intelligence. (2019). Worldwide threat assessment of the US intelligence community.
Rempfer, K. (2019, February 5). Air Force to spend $3 billion to rebuild Tyndall AFB as ‘an installation of the future.’ Air Force Times. https://www.airforcetimes.com/news/your-air-force/2019/02/01/air-force-to-spend-3-billion-to-rebuild-tyndall-afb-as-an-installation-of-the-future/
Singh, S. P., & Swanson, M. (2017). How issue frames shape beliefs about the importance of climate change policy across ideological and partisan groups. PLoS One, 12(7), e0181401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181401
Tucker, D. A. (2020). Words and action: assessing western military approaches to the security implications of climate change. The Pennsylvania State University.
Van Boven, L., Ehret, P. J., & Sherman, D. K. (2018). Psychological barriers to bipartisan public support for climate policy. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(4), 492–507. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617748966
Zhou, J. (2016). Boomerangs versus javelins: how polarization constrains communication on climate change. Environmental Politics, 25(5), 788–811. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2016.1166602